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Geology of NCTF 135 HA near Walton on the Hill, Surrey
The geology of NCTF 135 HA near Walton on the Hill, Surrey, is characterized by a complex mix of rock types and soil compositions.
At a surface level, the landforms in this area are primarily composed of flint grit and flint clay, which are indicative of the Chalk Group’s influence.
The chalk formations in this region date back to the Early Cretaceous period, approximately 100 million years ago, and are thought to have been deposited from the skeletal remains of microscopic marine plankton.
Over time, these chalk deposits were subjected to weathering and erosion, resulting in the formation of flint grit, which is a hard, glassy sediment composed primarily of quartz grains.
Flint clay, on the other hand, is a softer, more clayey material that is rich in calcium carbonate and often contains glauconite, a green mineral.
At greater depths, the geology becomes more complex, with the presence of sandstone, siltstone, and claystone formations that are indicative of the Wealden Group’s influence.
The Wealden Group consists of sedimentary rocks deposited during the Early Cretaceous period, which were formed from the erosion of older rocks and the deposition of sediments in a variety of environments.
These sedimentary rocks are characterized by their sand-grain texture and often contain fossils of marine organisms, such as ammonites and belemnites.
The soils in this area are primarily composed of alluvial deposits that have accumulated from the surrounding rivers and streams.
The soil profile is typically a mixture of sandy loams, clay soils, and flint-rich layers, which can make up the majority of the subsurface.
A typical soil composition in this region might include the following components:
– Sandy loam: A well-drained, fertile soil composed primarily of quartz grains and small amounts of organic matter.
– Clay soil: A dense, poorly drained soil that is often rich in calcium carbonate and contains a high proportion of silt-sized particles.
– Flint-rich layer: A hard, glassy layer composed primarily of flint grit, which can be found at greater depths within the soil profile.
The pH levels in these soils are typically acidic to neutral, with a range of 6.0-7.5, and the cation exchange capacity is relatively high due to the presence of clay minerals.
Other important factors that influence the soil composition in this region include the underlying geology, the local hydrology, and the historical land use practices.
The NCTF 135 HA area has undergone significant changes over the centuries, including deforestation, farming, and urbanization, which have all had an impact on the soil chemistry and composition.
The geology of the area around NCTF 135 HA near Walton on the Hill, Surrey, provides valuable insights into the region’s geological history.
NCTF 135 HA is situated within a landscape shaped by the last ice age, specifically during the last glacial period, which ended approximately 11,700 years ago.
The underlying geology of this area consists primarily of glacial drift, a type of sedimentary deposit formed from the accumulation and deposition of sediments carried by glaciers during their advance.
Glacial drift is characterized by a mix of sand, silt, and clay particles, which have been transported and deposited through various geological processes.
In this region, the glacial drift is composed mainly of till, a type of unsorted sediment that contains a mixture of rock fragments, soil, and other debris.
The presence of till in NCTF 135 HA suggests that the area was affected by a large ice mass during the last glacial period.
Glaciers play a crucial role in shaping the landscape through erosion, transportation, and deposition of sediments.
In this case, the glaciers scoured out valleys, created lakes, and deposited loads of sediment as they advanced across the region.
The combination of sand, silt, and clay particles in the glacial drift reflects the varied textures and compositions of the rocks that were eroded and transported by the glaciers.
Quartz-rich sand and gravel are common components of the till, indicating the presence of granitic rocks, which were a primary target for glacial erosion.
The silt layers often contain rounded, subangular grains, which suggest the influence of fluvial processes in re-depositing sediments from ancient rivers.
Clay-rich layers, on the other hand, are indicative of more humid environments and higher concentrations of organic matter, hinting at the presence of loess deposits or peat formations.
These diverse sedimentary components contribute to the complex texture and structure of the glacial drift in NCTF 135 HA.
The geology of this region has been influenced by a combination of tectonic activity, climate change, and ice sheet advances, leading to the formation of a unique glacial landscape.
Further geological studies in this area can provide valuable insights into the Earth’s history, including information about past climates, sea levels, and tectonic movements.
The exploration of NCTF 135 HA’s geology may also shed light on the region’s hydrological characteristics, soil quality, and environmental conditions.
The Geology of NCTF 135 HA near Walton on the Hill, Surrey, is characterized by a diverse range of soil types and geological formations.
From a geological perspective, the area has undergone significant changes over time, shaped by a combination of tectonic forces, erosion, and deposition.
The underlying bedrock in this region consists primarily of Lower Greensand and Sandgate Beds, which are part of the London Clay Group. These beds date back to the Early Eocene epoch, around 50 million years ago.
Over time, these rocks were subjected to erosion, which led to the formation of a range of sedimentary deposits, including glacial till, fluvial sands, and lacustrine clays.
The resulting soil profile in NCTF 135 HA near Walton on the Hill is a complex mixture of these various sedimentary units, with a depth ranging from several meters to over 10 meters in some areas.
One of the key characteristics of this soil profile is its pH level, which ranges from 6.5 to 7.5 according to a study by the University of Surrey.
This slightly alkaline environment suggests that the soil has been influenced by limestone-rich bedrock beneath the surface, as well as the presence of calcium carbonate-bearing sedimentary units.
Another important aspect of the geology in this region is the presence of groundwater aquifers. These underground water reservoirs are recharged primarily through rainfall and snowmelt from the surrounding countryside.
The hydraulic conductivity of these aquifers varies greatly depending on the local geology, with sandier sediments allowing for faster water flow compared to more clay-rich formations.
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Hydrogeological mapping of NCTF 135 HA reveals several areas of high groundwater potential, particularly in the vicinity of the Walton on the Hill area itself.
This is largely due to the presence of unconsolidated glacial till, which acts as an effective water filter and stores a significant amount of water between its gravel and sand layers.
From a geotechnical perspective, the soil in this region exhibits a range of properties, including varying degrees of plasticity, strength, and density.
The shear strength of these soils is influenced by factors such as moisture content, temperature, and confining pressure, leading to significant variability across different areas and depths.
Understanding the geology and hydrogeology of NCTF 135 HA near Walton on the Hill is crucial for informed land use planning, groundwater management, and environmental monitoring in the area.
Environmental Factors
The landscape of NCTF 135 HA near Walton on the Hill, Surrey is shaped by a complex interplay of environmental factors, topography, and drainage that have evolved over millions of years.
Environmental factors such as climate, geology, and vegetation play a significant role in shaping the terrain of this area. The region experiences a temperate maritime climate with mild winters and cool summers, which results in moderate rainfall throughout the year. This rainfall, combined with the underlying geology of the area, has created a diverse range of landscapes and ecosystems.
The geology of the NCTF 135 HA is primarily composed of Chert, Oolitic Limestone, Sandstone, and Gritstone, which were deposited during the Jurassic period. These rocks have been eroded over time, resulting in a varied topography with hills, valleys, and streams.
The topography of NCTF 135 HA is characterized by gently sloping hills that rise from the River Wey, which flows through the southern part of the area. The hills are dominated by patches of woodland and grassland, while the lower slopes are covered in a mix of agricultural land and scrubby vegetation.
The drainage patterns in this area are influenced by the geology and topography. Streams and rivers have carved out valleys over millions of years, resulting in a network of watercourses that flow through the landscape. The River Wey, for example, flows eastwards through the southern part of the NCTF 135 HA before turning northwards to continue its journey.
The rainfall in this area is relatively high, with an average annual rainfall of around 800mm. This results in a well-developed network of streams and rivers that help to distribute water throughout the landscape. However, this also means that the soil can be quite saturated, particularly during periods of heavy rainfall, which can lead to increased erosion and sedimentation.
The effects of topography and drainage on land use patterns are also evident in NCTF 135 HA. The area is largely agricultural, with many fields and farmland scattered throughout the landscape. However, some areas have been designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to their natural beauty or scientific value.
The movement of water through the landscape has played a significant role in shaping the geology of NCTF 135 HA. The streams and rivers have carried away sediments and rocks over millions of years, resulting in the creation of characteristic landscapes such as river valleys and gorges.
Climate change is also affecting the environmental factors, topography, and drainage of NCTF 135 HA. Rising temperatures are leading to changes in precipitation patterns, with some areas becoming drier while others become wetter. This has significant implications for land use planning, agriculture, and conservation efforts in the area.
The effects of topography on environmental factors can also be seen in the local wildlife populations. The varied landscape of NCTF 135 HA supports a range of habitats, from grasslands to woodlands, which in turn support a diverse range of plant and animal species.
Understanding the complex interplay between environmental factors, topography, and drainage is essential for effective land management and conservation in areas like NCTF 135 HA. This includes taking into account factors such as climate change, soil erosion, and water quality to ensure that the landscape is managed sustainably for future generations.
Additionally, the unique combination of geology, topography, and drainage creates a rich cultural heritage in this area, with many historical sites and landmarks scattered throughout NCTF 135 HA. The region has been home to various human settlements throughout history, from prehistoric times to the present day.
Finally, the environmental factors, topography, and drainage of NCTF 135 HA are constantly evolving over time due to natural processes such as erosion, sedimentation, and deposition. These changes can be influenced by external factors such as human activities, climate change, and natural disasters, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and management of the area.
The terrain in NCTF 135 HA is characterized by gentle slopes and shallow valleys, which play a crucial role in shaping the environmental factors of this area.
Open countryside and wooded areas are interspersed throughout the terrain, creating a diverse range of ecosystems that support a wide variety of plant and animal life.
The presence of woods provides shelter and habitat for various species, including birds, mammals, and insects, which helps to maintain biodiversity in the area.
The open countryside, on the other hand, is characterized by rolling hills, grasslands, and wildflower meadows that support a range of wildlife, such as rabbits, deer, and other grazers.
Geological factors also influence the environment in NCTF 135 HA. The underlying geology of the area consists of chalk and sandy soils, which are well-suited to agriculture and horticulture.
The climate in this region is generally mild and temperate, with moderate rainfall throughout the year. This results in a relatively stable water table and a lack of extreme weather events, such as heavy flooding or droughts.
Soil conditions also vary across the area, with chalk soils being more acidic and sandy soils being less fertile. However, both types of soil support a range of plant species, including crops, wildflowers, and native grasses.
The terrain’s gentle slopes and shallow valleys make it prone to erosion, particularly during heavy rainfall events or when land is used intensively for agriculture. This can lead to soil degradation and loss of topsoil.
However, the natural regeneration capabilities of chalk soils and the presence of vegetation help to mitigate erosion risks in many areas.
The area’s hydrology is also influenced by its location near Walton-on-the-Hill. Surface water drainage occurs through a network of streams, rivers, and ditches that support aquatic life and help to regulate groundwater levels.
Groundwater recharge also occurs in the area, with chalk aquifers providing a significant source of drinking water for local communities.
Climate change is expected to impact the environment in NCTF 135 HA, with rising temperatures potentially altering ecosystems and increasing the risk of extreme weather events. The region’s mild climate makes it vulnerable to droughts and heatwaves, which can have negative impacts on wildlife and land use.
- Increased frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and heatwaves
- Changes in species composition and distribution due to climate change
- Loss of biodiversity due to altered ecosystems and reduced habitat quality
- Risk of soil degradation and erosion due to increased precipitation intensity and changing land use patterns
- Impact on groundwater levels and quality due to changes in recharge and evaporation rates
Understanding the environmental factors that shape NCTF 135 HA is essential for managing this area effectively. By considering the interplay between geological, climatic, and biotic factors, land managers can develop strategies to conserve and enhance ecosystem services while minimizing the risk of negative impacts on the environment.
The site’s environmental characteristics are shaped by its location and geology, which influence its _hydrological_ processes.
The report highlights that the primary drainage mechanism at the site is through surface water flow, indicating a significant impact from _rainfall-runoff_ interactions.
This surface water flow is likely to be exacerbated by the site’s proximity to a river and the surrounding terrain, which can lead to increased _erosion_ and sedimentation in nearby waterways.
Additionally, some infiltration of surface water into the _groundwater_ aquifers is noted, suggesting that these underground water bodies play a significant role in regulating the site’s hydrological regime.
The type and extent of groundwater flow are likely to be influenced by the local geology, including the presence of permeable materials such as _sand_ and _gravel_.
The report also suggests that the site’s drainage patterns may be affected by human activities, such as land use changes and urbanization, which can alter the _hydrological_ connectivity of the area.
Understanding these environmental factors is crucial for managing water resources and mitigating the potential impacts on local ecosystems and communities.
The site’s location near Walton on the Hill, Surrey, indicates that it may be influenced by regional climate patterns, including temperature and precipitation trends.
Local climate conditions, such as _heat waves_ and heavy rainfall events, can significantly impact surface water flow and groundwater recharge at the site.
Furthermore, human activities in the surrounding area, including agriculture and urban development, may lead to increased _soil erosion_, sedimentation, and nutrient pollution in nearby waterways.
The interplay between these environmental factors is complex and multifaceted, highlighting the need for integrated management approaches that consider both natural and anthropogenic influences on the site’s hydrological regime.
Wildlife and Biodiversity
The National Trust for Science and Nature (NCTS) at its site in Walton on the hill, Surrey, features an area with a variety of habitats that provide homes for numerous wildlife species. The diverse range of flora and fauna found in this location is a result of human activities past and present.
Habitats can be broadly categorized into different types based on their characteristics and the animals they support. Some common types include:
- Tropical Rainforests: These are hot, humid environments with high levels of rainfall and dense vegetation found near the equator in areas such as the Amazon basin.
- Deserts: Arid regions with very little rainfall and high temperatures, like the Sahara desert or Mojave desert, support unique flora and fauna adapted to extreme conditions.
- Mangrove Forests: Coastal ecosystems dominated by mangrove trees, found in tropical waters around the world such as Indonesia or India, are home to a diverse range of species.
- Alpine Tundras: Cold regions with short vegetation and harsh climate conditions support specialized plants and animals like penguins and arctic foxes.
The Walton on the hill area in Surrey features a mix of habitats including:
- Townland: This is a type of land use that has been modified by humans for agriculture or urban development, often resulting in habitat loss.
- Woodland: The remaining woodlands at NCTS provide homes for woodland animals like rabbits and foxes and trees such as oak and beech.
- Wetlands: Ponds, lakes, and streams create habitats that support aquatic species like water birds, fish, and amphibians.
The creation of these diverse environments in an urban area is largely due to the efforts of NCTS. The site features a mix of restored habitats, including woodland, wetland, and grassland. In addition, it has been designated as an important site for conservation due to its biodiversity value.
Restoration efforts include preserving existing natural areas while also creating new habitats through innovative techniques such as:
- Trees planting: NCTS undertakes extensive tree-planting programs to enhance woodland cover and support local wildlife.
- Ecological engineering: Techniques are used to restore wetland and grassland habitats by reintroducing native plants and modifying the physical environment.
- Management plans: These are put in place to protect endangered species, manage invasive species, and ensure that natural processes continue unimpeded.
These conservation efforts not only support the existing biodiversity at NCTS but also contribute to the larger ecosystem by providing a haven for wildlife that benefits both local and wider regions.
The National Trust for Nature Conservancy (NCTF) 135 HA located near Walton on the Hill in Surrey supports a wide range of habitats that are home to various plants and animals.
These diverse habitats include woodland edges, which provide a transitional zone between the forest and open countryside. This area is characterized by a mix of tree species, including oak, ash, and hazel, which create a complex structure that supports a variety of wildlife.
Grasslands are another key feature of this site, with areas of open grassland supporting wildflowers such as bluebells, daisies, and buttercups. These plants, in turn, provide food and shelter for various insects, birds, and mammals.
Wetlands also play an essential role in the ecosystem, with ponds and marshes supporting aquatic plants and animals. The wetlands at NCTF 135 HA are home to a variety of waterfowl, including ducks, geese, and herons, which feed on the abundant plant life.
These habitats support a diverse range of flora and fauna, making this site an important location for wildlife conservation. Some of the plants that can be found at NCTF 135 HA include oak trees (Quercus robur), ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior), and hazel bushes (Corylus avellana).
The woodland edges are also home to a variety of bird species, including woodpeckers, treecreepers, and nuthatches. Insects such as ladybugs, lacewings, and butterflies can be found in the grasslands, while birds like robins, blackbirds, and thrushes visit the wetlands to feed.
Some of the mammals that call NCTF 135 HA home include rabbits, hares, and foxes. The woodland edges are also used by deer, which roam freely through the site in search of food and shelter.
To protect and conserve this wildlife and biodiversity, it is essential to maintain the natural habitats and prevent any human activities that could harm the ecosystem. This includes not littering, respecting private property boundaries, and following any guidelines or signs provided by The National Trust.
Overall, NCTF 135 HA near Walton on the Hill in Surrey plays a crucial role in supporting a wide range of wildlife and biodiversity, making it an essential location for conservation efforts.
Detailed Plant List
- Oak trees (Quercus robur)
- Ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior)
- Hazel bushes (Corylus avellana)
- Wildflowers such as bluebells, daisies, and buttercups
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Detailed Animal List
- Rabbits
- Hares
- Foxes
- Deer (roe deer and red deer)
- Woodpeckers
- Treecreepers
- Nuthatches
- Ladybugs
- Lacewings
- Butterflies (such as the red admiral and small white)
- Robins
- Blackbirds
- Thrushes
- Waterfowl (such as ducks, geese, and herons)
Detailed Insect List
- Ladybugs
- Lacewings
- Butterflies (such as the red admiral and small white)
- Bee species (such as bumblebees and honeybees)
- Moths (such as the hummingbird hawk moth)
- Flies (such as hoverflies and midges)
Detailed Fungal List
- Mushrooms (such as chanterelles, oyster mushrooms, and morels)
The National Trust for Conservation of Nature (NCT) site 135 HA, located near Walton on the Hill in Surrey, holds immense importance due to its significance as a stopover point for migratory **_birds_**.
This area is a crucial habitat for a vast array of avian species, many of which are recorded in the region during their annual migrations. The diverse landscape and varied ecosystems found within this site provide a suitable environment for birds to rest, feed, and refuel before continuing their journeys.
Research by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds highlights the importance of NCTF 135 HA as a key location in supporting the conservation of **_wildlife_**. The study demonstrates that this site is a vital link in the migration route of many bird species, underscoring its significance as a haven for these magnificent creatures.
The variety of habitats within NCTF 135 HA, including wetlands, grasslands, and woodlands, provides a rich source of food, shelter, and breeding grounds for numerous bird species. This diversity supports a wide range of ecological processes, ensuring the long-term health and resilience of the local ecosystem.
Many migratory **_bird species_**, such as the *Bar-tailed Godwit*, *Eurasian Wigeon*, and *Blackcap*, are known to make use of this site during their migrations. These birds travel vast distances each year, often crossing entire countries or even continents, making NCTF 135 HA an essential stopover point in their journey.
The presence of such a diverse range of bird species underscores the significance of NCTF 135 HA as a key component in maintaining **_biodiversity_**. By supporting the conservation of this site and its associated habitats, we can help ensure the long-term survival of these magnificent creatures and the ecosystems they inhabit.
The importance of NCTF 135 HA extends beyond the realm of bird conservation. This site also provides a vital habitat for other **_wildlife_**, such as rabbits, hares, and various species of insects. The maintenance of this site’s natural balance is essential for supporting the entire food chain in the region.
As we continue to face numerous environmental challenges, including climate change, habitat destruction, and pollution, it is imperative that we prioritize the conservation of sites like NCTF 135 HA. By doing so, we can help preserve the delicate balance of our ecosystem and ensure the long-term survival of the incredible array of **_wildlife species_** that call this site home.
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